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The Economist
 
 
  
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February 8th 2025

The Economist this weekend

A special edition on higher education

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Illustration: Travis Constantine

Mark Johnson

Education correspondent

For people who want to reach the top, a master&rsquo;s degree, once a leg up, now looks like a bare minimum. In America, about 40% of graduates hold a second degree of some sort. Britain&rsquo;s universities hand out four advanced degrees for every five undergraduate ones. Yet there are growing reasons to question whether this educational &ldquo;arms race&rdquo; is very bright. Data suggest that a staggering number of master&rsquo;s courses offer students no financial return at all.

Lately researchers have been getting better at figuring out how far master&rsquo;s degrees boost earnings, across a wide range of disciplines. Their findings, 
 
https://click.e.economist.com/?qs=33215977c6f5c925d10eb7bd47c185b020483692557a2d6246e8bd05e7b796c0af1c5c719cb522cead3fd9176d15dbc52ea2e13a22c11715c4127fe59d895739 
detailed in our story , 
 should shame many universities. But for clever young things, the results are also reassuring. It is perfectly possible to join the elites without handing graduate colleges a king&rsquo;s ransom.

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Editor&rsquo;s picks
A selection of must-read articles

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University in America and Britain

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Is your master’s degree useless?

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New data show a shockingly high proportion of courses are a waste of money

&rarr; 
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Too many master&rsquo;s courses are expensive and flaky

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School’s out

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Why elite MBA graduates are struggling to find jobs

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Is a degree still worth it?

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Poisoned Ivy

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America’s elite universities are bloated, complacent and illiberal

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To keep its competitive edge the Ivy League will have to change

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Free exchange

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Universities are failing to boost economic growth

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Grads and grind

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The broken business model of British universities

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Also from The Economist

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The broken business model of British universities

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<div class="preheader" style="font-size: 1px; display: none !important;">Also: Why elite MBA graduates are struggling to find jobs</div>
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<div style="max-height:0; overflow:hidden; mso-hide:all;" aria-hidden="true">&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;  &nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;  &nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;  &nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp; 
 &nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;  &nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;  &nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;&nbsp;‌&nbsp;‌&nbsp;
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										The Economist this weekend</h1></td></tr><tr>
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										A special edition on higher education</p></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table><table align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" style="max-width:600px;" width="100%">
	
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									<b>Mark Johnson</b><br>
									Education correspondent</p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>
        
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         For people who want to reach the top, a master&rsquo;s degree, once a leg up, now looks like a bare minimum. In America, about 40% of graduates hold a second degree of some sort. Britain&rsquo;s universities hand out four advanced degrees for every five undergraduate ones. Yet there are growing reasons to question whether this educational &ldquo;arms race&rdquo; is very bright. Data suggest that a staggering number of master&rsquo;s courses offer students no financial return at all.<br>
         <br>
         Lately researchers have been getting better at figuring out how far master&rsquo;s degrees boost earnings, across a wide range of disciplines. Their findings, 
          <a   data-linkto="https://" href="https://click.e.economist.com/?qs=33215977c6f5c9251150c8da49a9c3d4e4772285f1f418df0864f6fa90d6b117b7dcf75370596f0949f7ca4229957f0a9608faab385eb75d0b83a997e347fc0f" style="text-decoration:none;" title="detailed in our story">detailed in our story</a>, 
          should shame many universities. But for clever young things, the results are also reassuring. It is perfectly possible to join the elites without handing graduate colleges a king&rsquo;s ransom.</p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" role="presentation" style="min-width: 100%; " class="stylingblock-content-wrapper"><tr><td class="stylingblock-content-wrapper camarker-inner">
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									<b>Editor&rsquo;s picks</b></h2><p class="econsans" style="margin:0; font-family:EconomistSansLF,Roboto Condensed, Seravek, Arial Nova, Nimbus Sans, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:18px; color:#121212; line-height:25px; text-align:left; mso-line-height-rule:exactly;">
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                      <a  href="https://click.e.economist.com/?qs=661494694146cb3c1b374bd7ec22e40e0872ae4e7b0c71eaec2b396d8bc1754f330204e4b51f386664def960e406c816c09d4431808f08b3eb4415b755eba6aa" style="color:#e3120b; text-decoration:none;" target="_blank">University in America and Britain </a>
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                      <a  href="https://click.e.economist.com/?qs=661494694146cb3c1b374bd7ec22e40e0872ae4e7b0c71eaec2b396d8bc1754f330204e4b51f386664def960e406c816c09d4431808f08b3eb4415b755eba6aa" style="color:#121212; text-decoration:none;" target="_blank">Is your master’s degree useless? </a>
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                      <a  href="https://click.e.economist.com/?qs=661494694146cb3c1b374bd7ec22e40e0872ae4e7b0c71eaec2b396d8bc1754f330204e4b51f386664def960e406c816c09d4431808f08b3eb4415b755eba6aa" style="color:#121212; text-decoration:none;" target="_blank">New data show a shockingly high proportion of courses are a waste of money</a>
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									<b>Related </b></h2></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><table align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" style="max-width:600px;" width="100%">
	
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									&rarr; <a   data-linkto="https://" href="https://click.e.economist.com/?qs=33215977c6f5c9258fb97ae7657535f39e5a205644cc0b784327605f55bd71a6f5a94079a095cb2f18c8b53069a94c26218226eda62484e7d531c6e394caa95f" style="color:#000000;text-decoration:none;" title="">Too many master&rsquo;s courses are expensive and flaky</a></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

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                      <a  href="https://click.e.economist.com/?qs=661494694146cb3c0498060c6c9e06b5c8bad0b7fa8e7d1d18bb37690c2fba1fa569f1b6a275bd353f0acb12add9f0a14f2dc7e298c3e4f5383b712dd3d5707c" style="color:#e3120b; text-decoration:none;" target="_blank">Poisoned Ivy </a>
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                      <a  href="https://click.e.economist.com/?qs=661494694146cb3c0498060c6c9e06b5c8bad0b7fa8e7d1d18bb37690c2fba1fa569f1b6a275bd353f0acb12add9f0a14f2dc7e298c3e4f5383b712dd3d5707c" style="color:#121212; text-decoration:none;" target="_blank">America’s elite universities are bloated, complacent and illiberal  </a>
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                      <a  href="https://click.e.economist.com/?qs=661494694146cb3c0498060c6c9e06b5c8bad0b7fa8e7d1d18bb37690c2fba1fa569f1b6a275bd353f0acb12add9f0a14f2dc7e298c3e4f5383b712dd3d5707c" style="color:#121212; text-decoration:none;" target="_blank">To keep its competitive edge the Ivy League will have to change</a>
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                    <a  href="https://click.e.economist.com/?qs=661494694146cb3c48177a1bd1e85b473bbd1a5d161627198d7ef99846801bd39b6f3d5b08071a0fc7afd3c48cbc4b9f7456a7d6fd31b0e1456308b320694261" target="_blank"><img alt="Illustration of a mortarboard about to fall into some cogs" border="0" class="fluid" height="" src="https://www.economist.com/content-assets/images/20240210_FND000.jpg" style="display:block; width:100%; min-width:100%; max-width:276px; height:auto; border:none;" width="276"> </a>
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                      <a  href="https://click.e.economist.com/?qs=661494694146cb3c48177a1bd1e85b473bbd1a5d161627198d7ef99846801bd39b6f3d5b08071a0fc7afd3c48cbc4b9f7456a7d6fd31b0e1456308b320694261" style="color:#e3120b; text-decoration:none;" target="_blank">Free exchange </a>
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                      <a  href="https://click.e.economist.com/?qs=661494694146cb3c48177a1bd1e85b473bbd1a5d161627198d7ef99846801bd39b6f3d5b08071a0fc7afd3c48cbc4b9f7456a7d6fd31b0e1456308b320694261" style="color:#121212; text-decoration:none;" target="_blank">Universities are failing to boost economic growth </a>
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                      <a  href="https://click.e.economist.com/?qs=661494694146cb3c48177a1bd1e85b473bbd1a5d161627198d7ef99846801bd39b6f3d5b08071a0fc7afd3c48cbc4b9f7456a7d6fd31b0e1456308b320694261" style="color:#121212; text-decoration:none;" target="_blank">Too often they generate ideas that no one knows how to use</a>
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                      <a  href="https://click.e.economist.com/?qs=661494694146cb3cec668ae274a79241bdc90a2273fdc5d041a5a3305327bcafa95c9f3700b35064350d83063ce49e67ea1f8592b997a188e7af94ad23bd5a60" style="color:#e3120b; text-decoration:none;" target="_blank">Grads and grind  </a>
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                      <a  href="https://click.e.economist.com/?qs=661494694146cb3cec668ae274a79241bdc90a2273fdc5d041a5a3305327bcafa95c9f3700b35064350d83063ce49e67ea1f8592b997a188e7af94ad23bd5a60" style="color:#121212; text-decoration:none;" target="_blank">The broken business model of British universities </a>
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                      <a  href="https://click.e.economist.com/?qs=661494694146cb3cec668ae274a79241bdc90a2273fdc5d041a5a3305327bcafa95c9f3700b35064350d83063ce49e67ea1f8592b997a188e7af94ad23bd5a60" style="color:#121212; text-decoration:none;" target="_blank">Frozen fees + fewer foreigners = big trouble</a>
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